Ascites

Ascites is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity. It often occurs due to liver disease, heart failure, cancer, or other underlying health issues. This fluid accumulation can cause abdominal swelling, discomfort, shortness of breath, and, if not treated promptly, serious complications such as infections or kidney problems.

The most frequent cause of ascites is cirrhosis resulting from chronic liver disease. Other causes include cancer spreading to the abdominal lining (peritoneal carcinomatosis), kidney disorders, congestive heart failure, and tuberculosis. Portal hypertension, or increased pressure in the liver’s blood vessels, is a significant factor in fluid retention.

Common signs of ascites include a visibly swollen abdomen, sudden weight gain, bloating, fatigue, reduced appetite, nausea, and difficulty breathing. In advanced cases, fluid may lead to lung congestion or infections, highlighting the importance of timely medical intervention.

Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of fluid buildup. Doctors may recommend a low-sodium diet and diuretic medications to reduce fluid retention. In severe cases, procedures such as paracentesis (draining the fluid with a needle) or a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) may be performed to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.

Patients are advised to follow medical guidance, avoid alcohol, limit salt intake, and attend regular check-ups. Preventive steps include maintaining liver health through a balanced diet, controlling alcohol consumption, getting vaccinated against hepatitis, and treating heart or kidney conditions early.

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