Renal Failure
Overview:
Renal failure, commonly referred to as kidney failure, occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to effectively filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood. It can develop suddenly as acute kidney injury or gradually over time as chronic kidney disease. If left untreated, renal failure can lead to severe health complications and life-threatening conditions.
Causes:
Renal failure can result from a variety of factors, including diabetes, high blood pressure, recurrent kidney infections, kidney stones, and polycystic kidney disease. Prolonged use of certain medications may also contribute to kidney damage. Acute kidney injury may arise due to dehydration, severe infections, or reduced blood flow to the kidneys.
Symptoms:
Individuals with renal failure may experience decreased urine output, swelling in the legs, face, or other parts of the body due to fluid retention, persistent fatigue, nausea, shortness of breath, confusion, and elevated blood pressure. In severe cases, dangerous imbalances in electrolytes can occur, posing serious health risks.
Treatment:
The approach to treating renal failure depends on its type and severity. Acute kidney injury can often be reversed with prompt hydration, medications, and treatment of the underlying cause. Chronic kidney disease requires ongoing management, including lifestyle modifications, medications, dialysis, or kidney transplantation in advanced stages.
Precautions:
Effective management involves controlling conditions like diabetes and hypertension, maintaining proper hydration, moderating salt and protein intake, and monitoring kidney function regularly to prevent further deterioration.
Prevention:
Preventing renal failure focuses on a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, avoiding nephrotoxic medications, and early detection of kidney issues to reduce the risk of long-term damage.
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