Nephrotic syndrome (ARF/CRF)

Overview:
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by excessive protein loss in the urine, which can lead to swelling (edema), low blood protein levels, and elevated cholesterol. It may present as acute (Acute Renal Failure, ARF) or chronic (Chronic Renal Failure, CRF), and if left untreated, it can progress to significant kidney damage or kidney failure.

Causes:
Nephrotic syndrome can arise from various conditions affecting the kidneys, including:

• 1. Glomerulonephritis – inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units
• 2. Diabetic nephropathy – kidney damage due to diabetes
• 3. Systemic conditions – such as lupus or autoimmune diseases

Acute Renal Failure (ARF) typically results from sudden kidney injury or infection, while Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) develops gradually due to long-term kidney damage from conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or prolonged use of certain medications.

Symptoms:
Key signs of nephrotic syndrome include:

• 1. Swelling (edema) around the eyes, legs, and abdomen
• 2. Fatigue and loss of appetite
• 3. Foamy urine due to proteinuria
• 4. Weight gain from fluid retention
• 5. Severe cases may also present with high blood pressure, reduced urine output, or difficulty urinating, indicating progressing kidney impairment.

Treatment:
Management of nephrotic syndrome involves addressing the underlying cause and controlling symptoms:

• 1. Medications: Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, diuretics to manage swelling, and drugs to control blood pressure and cholesterol
• 2. Advanced care: Dialysis may be necessary in severe cases to support kidney function
• 3. Kidney transplant: Considered in end-stage renal failure

Precautions:
Patients should regularly monitor kidney function and blood pressure, follow prescribed medications, and adopt lifestyle modifications. Limiting salt intake, maintaining a balanced diet, and avoiding infections are crucial, as nephrotic syndrome can weaken the immune system.

Prevention:
Preventive strategies include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing blood sugar and blood pressure, avoiding kidney-damaging substances like unnecessary painkillers, and seeking early treatment for underlying conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.

Expert Care in Lucknow:
For specialized management of nephrotic syndrome, visit Medlife Research & Trauma Center. We provide comprehensive nephrology services, including dialysis, advanced kidney care, and 24/7 medical support to ensure optimal kidney health.