Appendicitis

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine. It is considered a medical emergency, as a ruptured appendix can lead to serious complications such as peritonitis or abscess formation if not treated promptly.

This condition usually develops when the appendix becomes blocked, most often by hardened stool, infection, or swollen lymphoid tissue. In rare cases, tumors may also cause obstruction. The blockage allows bacteria to multiply, leading to swelling, severe inflammation, and the risk of rupture.

Typical symptoms include sudden, sharp pain in the lower right side of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, and abdominal swelling. The pain may intensify with movement, coughing, or deep breathing. In some individuals, symptoms may be mild or atypical, which can make diagnosis more difficult.

The standard treatment for appendicitis is surgical removal of the appendix, known as an appendectomy. This can be performed either laparoscopically (minimally invasive) or through open surgery, depending on the case. If an abscess is present, it may need to be drained before surgery. In some mild cases, antibiotics are prescribed to control infection, though surgery remains the most reliable cure.

Anyone experiencing persistent abdominal pain, fever, or digestive problems should seek urgent medical care. Taking painkillers or laxatives without medical advice can mask important symptoms or worsen the condition.

Although appendicitis cannot always be prevented, maintaining a diet rich in fiber—such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains—may lower the chances of blockage and inflammation.

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